hz的服务器pip3 install 为什么出错呢

斌斌

error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
   
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
   
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
   
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

Microcharon

最近发布的 Debian 12 bookworm 中的 Python 使用 Python 3.11+，会默认提示用户需要在 venv 虚拟环境后安装 Python 应用程式和库模块，而不是直接在系统（外部）范围内通过 pip 安装相关库模块

如果你仍希望像以前一样直接在系统范围内安装库模块，则需要安装 `python3-xyz` 即 `apt install python3-xyz`，此处不再赘述

```bash
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
  
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
  
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
  
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.11/README.venv for more information.
```

## 使用venv指令创建虚拟环境

对于当前的 Debian 12 bookworm，可以通过 `more /usr/share/doc/python3.11/README.venv`
查看 venv 的使用方法

```bash
#在当前用户的主目录创建 .venvs 虚拟环境目录
mkdir -p ~/.venvs

#用 venvs 创建 MHDDoS 的虚拟环境
python3 -m venv ~/.venvs/Test

#使用虚拟环境中的 Python pip 安装相关库，如下所示
~/.venvs/Test/bin/python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

#查看当前虚拟环境下 pip 安装的库
~/.venvs/Test/bin/python -m pip list

```

激活虚拟环境，确保指向正确的 Python 解释器路径

```bash
source ~/.venvs/Test/bin/activate
```

虚拟环境中使用 `deactivate` 可以退出虚拟环境

## 实际操作







## 参考资料

[python - How do I solve "error: externally-managed-environment" everytime I use pip3? - Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75608323/how-do-i-solve-error-externally-managed-environment-everytime-i-use-pip3)

[venv --- 创建虚拟环境 — Python 3.11.4 文档](https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/venv.html)

sakuramai

# Remove all externally managed files for all Python binaries in Homebrew

rm /opt/homebrew/Cellar/python\@3*/**/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED

应该是这个

似毛非毛

新版本推荐你用python虚拟环境，。。

斌斌

Microcharon 发表于 2024-5-21 17:52
最近发布的 Debian 12 bookworm 中的 Python 使用 Python 3.11+，会默认提示用户需要在 venv 虚拟环境后安 ...

谢谢。明白了。